An overview of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia for the African generalist practitioner

Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii is the causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, which is more common among immunocompromised patients. Classically patients present with fever, non-productive cough, and dyspnoea. In the HIV-infected individuals the symptoms may be subtle at first, but gradually progress over several weeks. In the HIV-uninfected patient, however, the duration of symptoms is shorter and more severe, mainly due to the increased inflammatory response of the HIV-uninfected patient. Methods: This article focuses on the diagnostic methods and then the management and prophylaxis principles of PCP by reviewing the best current practices and guidelines in Africa. Conclusion: This overview is presented by clinicians who have experience with PCP and is directed mainly at first-line healthcare providers.