TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment of the effect of nanomaterials on sediment-dwelling invertebrate Chironomus tentans larvae
AU - Oberholster, P. J.
AU - Musee, N.
AU - Botha, A. M.
AU - Chelule, Paul Kiprono
AU - Focke, W. W.
AU - Ashton, P. J.
N1 - Funding Information:
The Parliamentary Grant funding support (No. JNPPG03 ) from the CSIR (NM, PJO, PJA) as well as the research funding from the University of Pretoria (WWF), University of Limpopo (PKC), University of Stellenbosch (AMB) are acknowledged. The authors express their sincere gratitude to the three unknown referees for critically reviewing the manuscript and suggesting useful changes.
Copyright:
Copyright 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011/3/1
Y1 - 2011/3/1
N2 - Studies were conducted to determine the effects of a panel of seven nanomaterials (NMs), namely: α-alumina, γ-alumina, precipitated silica; silica fume, calcined silica fume, colloidal antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5), and superfine amorphous ferric oxide (Fe2O3), on sediment dwelling invertebrates Chironomus tentans under controlled laboratory conditions. Percentage survival, enzyme activities, growth development, and DNA fragmentation parameters were studied as acute, biochemical, and physiological toxicities of NMs, respectively. Quantitation of catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity demonstrated that toxicant stress of the NMs increased enzyme activity in a concentration dependent fashion across all treatments. The percentage growth length of the test specimens exposed to different NMs was significantly reduced compared to the negative control while only five concentrations were not in the toxic range, namely; Fe2O3 (5γg/kg); silica fume (5γg/kg, 50γg/kg); Sb2O5 (5γg/kg) and calcined silica fume (5γg/kg). Genotoxic stress assessed by use of DNA laddering showed complementary findings to the other ecotoxicological endpoints tested in this study-the percentage survival and growth length inhibition. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
AB - Studies were conducted to determine the effects of a panel of seven nanomaterials (NMs), namely: α-alumina, γ-alumina, precipitated silica; silica fume, calcined silica fume, colloidal antimony pentoxide (Sb2O5), and superfine amorphous ferric oxide (Fe2O3), on sediment dwelling invertebrates Chironomus tentans under controlled laboratory conditions. Percentage survival, enzyme activities, growth development, and DNA fragmentation parameters were studied as acute, biochemical, and physiological toxicities of NMs, respectively. Quantitation of catalase and peroxidase enzyme activity demonstrated that toxicant stress of the NMs increased enzyme activity in a concentration dependent fashion across all treatments. The percentage growth length of the test specimens exposed to different NMs was significantly reduced compared to the negative control while only five concentrations were not in the toxic range, namely; Fe2O3 (5γg/kg); silica fume (5γg/kg, 50γg/kg); Sb2O5 (5γg/kg) and calcined silica fume (5γg/kg). Genotoxic stress assessed by use of DNA laddering showed complementary findings to the other ecotoxicological endpoints tested in this study-the percentage survival and growth length inhibition. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.
KW - Bioassays
KW - Chironomus tentans
KW - DNA damage
KW - Ecotoxicology
KW - Nanomaterials
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=79951944154&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.012
DO - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 21216008
SN - 0147-6513
VL - 74
SP - 416
EP - 423
JO - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
JF - Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
IS - 3
ER -