Broken silence: Unraveling the far-reaching effects of witnessing domestic violence on children in Limpopo province

Background Domestic violence is a critical public health concern that typically occurs within families and has often-overlooked consequences for children. More research is needed to systematically explore the ways in which witnessing domestic violence affects children. Objective The study aims to explore the effects of witnessing domestic violence among children in Tafelkop, Limpopo province. Participants and setting The study focused on children under 18 years of age who witnessed domestic violence at home. Data were collected at the Matsepe Drop-In Center which supports children affected by such incidents. Methods A qualitative exploratory design was employed, using semi-structured individual interviews with 13 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data collection involved voice-recorded interviews and probing techniques to enhance data richness. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and subthemes. Ethical clearance, parental consent, and children's assent were secured to uphold ethical standards. Findings Participants revealed the profound impact of domestic violence on their emotional and behavioral well-being. Fear, avoidance behaviors, and emotional struggles were commonly reported. Many participants expressed anger that influenced their attitudes and triggered defensive behaviors such as bullying or fighting to protect the abused parent. Feelings of shame and guilt contributed to difficulties in social interactions, mental health challenges, loss of interest, school absenteeism, and declining academic performance. Conclusion This study highlights the psychological impact of witnessing domestic violence on children, emphasizing fear, shame, and guilt as central components of their coping responses. These emotions contribute to social withdrawal, academic difficulties, and emotional distress. The findings underscore the urgent need for psychological support, school-based counseling, and community interventions to promote resilience and well-being among affected children.