Clonality and genetic profiles of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

In this study, we investigated the diversity of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from families who own cattle in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa using spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated using MIRU-VNTR and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis families were evaluated using spoligotyping. Spoligotyping grouped 91% of the isolates into seven clusters, while 9% of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from TB isolates were unclustered from a total of 154 DNA used. Previously described shared types were observed in 89.6% of the isolates, with the Beijing family, SIT1, the principal genotype in the province, while the families T, SIT53 and X1, SIT1329 were the least detected genotypes. MIRU-VNTR grouped 81% of the isolates in 23 clusters while 19% were unclustered. A combination of the VNTR and spoligotyping grouped 79% of the isolates into 23 clusters with 21% unclustered. The low level of diversity and the clonal spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates advocate that the spread of TB in this study may be instigated by the clonal spread of Beijing genotype. The results from this study provide vital information about the lack of TB control and distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strain types in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.