TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of furanic compounds in Mopane worms, corn, and peanuts using headspace solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector
AU - Masite, Nonkululeko S.
AU - Ncube, Somandla
AU - Mtunzi, Fanyana M.
AU - Madikizela, Lawrence M.
AU - Pakade, Vusumzi E.
N1 - Funding Information:
We appreciate the financial support provided by the Vaal University of Technology through its research directorate office. We also acknowledge the Durban University of Technology and its personnel for availing their laboratory resources at the resumption of this project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/2/1
Y1 - 2022/2/1
N2 - A headspace-solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (HS-SPME-GC/FID) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of furan, 2-methylfuran and 2-furaldehyde in thermally processed Mopane worms, corn, and peanuts. The optimal HS-SPME conditions with polydimethylsiloxane/carboxen/divinylbenzene (PDMS/CAR/DVB) fiber were 30 °C, 40 min and 600 rpm stirring speed. The recoveries, detection and quantification limits for the analytes in food samples were 67–106%, 0.54–3.5 µg kg−1, and 1.8–12 µg kg−1, respectively. These results showed that the developed method was accurate, reproducible, and sensitive for the determination of furan, 2-methylfuran and 2-furaldehyde in complex food matrices with limited interference from other components. The optimised analytical method was applied for monitoring the presence of the furanic compounds in heat-processed South African foods. Although 2-furaldehyde was not detected in food samples, the maximum concentrations of 24 and 95 µg kg−1 were found for furan and 2-methylfuran, respectively.
AB - A headspace-solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (HS-SPME-GC/FID) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of furan, 2-methylfuran and 2-furaldehyde in thermally processed Mopane worms, corn, and peanuts. The optimal HS-SPME conditions with polydimethylsiloxane/carboxen/divinylbenzene (PDMS/CAR/DVB) fiber were 30 °C, 40 min and 600 rpm stirring speed. The recoveries, detection and quantification limits for the analytes in food samples were 67–106%, 0.54–3.5 µg kg−1, and 1.8–12 µg kg−1, respectively. These results showed that the developed method was accurate, reproducible, and sensitive for the determination of furan, 2-methylfuran and 2-furaldehyde in complex food matrices with limited interference from other components. The optimised analytical method was applied for monitoring the presence of the furanic compounds in heat-processed South African foods. Although 2-furaldehyde was not detected in food samples, the maximum concentrations of 24 and 95 µg kg−1 were found for furan and 2-methylfuran, respectively.
KW - Furan
KW - GC/FID
KW - HS-SPME
KW - Mopane worms
KW - Thermally processed food
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113726815&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130944
DO - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130944
M3 - Article
C2 - 34464834
AN - SCOPUS:85113726815
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 369
JO - Food Chemistry
JF - Food Chemistry
M1 - 130944
ER -