TY - JOUR
T1 - Distribution of rotavirus genotypes associated with acute diarrhoea in Zimbabwean children less than five years old before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction
AU - Mukaratirwa, Arnold
AU - Berejena, Chipo
AU - Nziramasanga, Pasipanodya
AU - Ticklay, Ismail
AU - Gonah, Archebald
AU - Nathoo, Kusum
AU - Manangazira, Portia
AU - Mangwanya, Douglas
AU - Marembo, Joan
AU - Mwenda, Jason M.
AU - Weldegebriel, Goitom
AU - Seheri, Mapaseka
AU - Tate, Jacqueline E.
AU - Yen, Catherine
AU - Parashar, Umesh
AU - Mujuru, Hilda
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care , World Health Organization AFRO and partners for their unwavering support. The authors also appreciate the support from South Africa Medical Research Council Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University for genotyping the samples (Nonkululeko Magagula, Ina Peenze and Kebareng Rakau).
Funding Information:
The authors thank the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, World Health Organization AFRO and partners for their unwavering support. The authors also appreciate the support from South Africa Medical Research Council Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University for genotyping the samples (Nonkululeko Magagula, Ina Peenze and Kebareng Rakau).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018/11/12
Y1 - 2018/11/12
N2 - Background: Sentinel surveillance for diarrhoea is important to monitor changes in rotavirus epidemiological trends and circulating genotypes among children under 5 years before and after vaccine introduction. The Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care introduced rotavirus vaccine in national immunization program in May 2014. Methods: Active hospital-based surveillance for diarrhoea was conducted at 3 sentinel sites from 2008 to 2016. Children aged less than 5 years, who presented with acute gastroenteritis as a primary illness and who were admitted to a hospital ward or treated at the emergency unit, were enrolled and had a stool specimen collected and tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Genotyping of positive stools was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. Pre-vaccine introduction, 10% of all positive stool specimens were genotyped and all adequate positive stools were genotyped post-vaccine introduction. Results: During the pre-vaccine period, a total of 6491 acute gastroenteritis stools were collected, of which 3016 (46%) tested positive for rotavirus and 312 (10%) of the rotavirus positive stools were genotyped. During the post-vaccine period, a total of 3750 acute gastroenteritis stools were collected, of which 937 (25%) tested positive for rotavirus and 784 (84%) were genotyped. During the pre-vaccine introduction the most frequent genotype was G9P[8] (21%) followed by G2P[4] (12%), G1P[8] (6%), G2P[6] (5%), G12P[6] (4%), G9P[6] (3%) and G8P[4] (3%). G1P[8] (30%) was most dominant two years after vaccine introduction followed by G9P[6] (20%), G2P[4] (15%), G9P[8] (11%) and G1P[6] (4%). Conclusion: The decline in positivity rate is an indication of early vaccine impact. Diversity of circulating strains underscores the importance of continued monitoring and strain surveillance after vaccine introduction.
AB - Background: Sentinel surveillance for diarrhoea is important to monitor changes in rotavirus epidemiological trends and circulating genotypes among children under 5 years before and after vaccine introduction. The Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care introduced rotavirus vaccine in national immunization program in May 2014. Methods: Active hospital-based surveillance for diarrhoea was conducted at 3 sentinel sites from 2008 to 2016. Children aged less than 5 years, who presented with acute gastroenteritis as a primary illness and who were admitted to a hospital ward or treated at the emergency unit, were enrolled and had a stool specimen collected and tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Genotyping of positive stools was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. Pre-vaccine introduction, 10% of all positive stool specimens were genotyped and all adequate positive stools were genotyped post-vaccine introduction. Results: During the pre-vaccine period, a total of 6491 acute gastroenteritis stools were collected, of which 3016 (46%) tested positive for rotavirus and 312 (10%) of the rotavirus positive stools were genotyped. During the post-vaccine period, a total of 3750 acute gastroenteritis stools were collected, of which 937 (25%) tested positive for rotavirus and 784 (84%) were genotyped. During the pre-vaccine introduction the most frequent genotype was G9P[8] (21%) followed by G2P[4] (12%), G1P[8] (6%), G2P[6] (5%), G12P[6] (4%), G9P[6] (3%) and G8P[4] (3%). G1P[8] (30%) was most dominant two years after vaccine introduction followed by G9P[6] (20%), G2P[4] (15%), G9P[8] (11%) and G1P[6] (4%). Conclusion: The decline in positivity rate is an indication of early vaccine impact. Diversity of circulating strains underscores the importance of continued monitoring and strain surveillance after vaccine introduction.
KW - Genotypes vaccine
KW - Rotavirus
KW - Surveillance
KW - Zimbabwe
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85044989983&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.069
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.069
M3 - Article
C2 - 29628149
AN - SCOPUS:85044989983
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 36
SP - 7248
EP - 7255
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 47
ER -