@article{e86dc7c17b284aa3a7726312d4da27bf,
title = "Effect of HIV exposure and timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation on immune memory responses to diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell pertussis and hepatitis B vaccines",
abstract = "Objectives: We evaluated memory responses and antibody persistence to diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, whole-cell-pertussis (DTwP), and Hepatitis-B vaccines in HIV-unexposed, HIV-exposed-uninfected and HIV-infected children previously randomized to initiate time-limited ART at 6–10 weeks (ART-Immed) or when clinically/immunologically indicated (ART-Def). Methods: All children received DTwP booster at 15–18 months. Antibodies were measured for pertussis-toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), diphtheria-toxoid, tetanus-toxoid, and hepatitis-B prior to booster, 1–2 weeks post-booster and at 24 months of age. Results: Pre-booster antibody GMC were lower in HIV-infected groups than HIV-unexposed children for all epitopes. Post-booster and at 24 months of age, the ART-Def group had lower GMCs and antibody proportion ≥0.1 IU/ml for tetanus-toxoid and diphtheria-toxoid compared to HIV-unexposed children. At 24 months of age, the ART-Immed group had higher GMCs, and more likely to maintain antibody titres ≥1.0 IU/ml to tetanus-toxoid and diphtheria-toxoid compared to HIV-unexposed children. Compared to HIV-unexposed children, at 15 and 24 months of age, persistence of antibody to HBsAg of ≥10 mIU/ml was similar in the ART-Immed group but lower among the ART-Def group. Antibody kinetics indicated more robust memory responses in HIV-exposed-uninfected than HIV-unexposed children to diphtheria-toxoid and wP. Conclusion: HIV-infected children not on ART at primary vaccination had poorer memory responses, whereas HIV-exposed-uninfected children mounted robust memory responses.",
keywords = "Diphtheria-toxoid, HIV-exposed uninfected, HIV-infected, booster, hepatitis B vaccine, pertussis vaccine, tetanus-toxoid",
author = "Simani, {Omphile E.} and Alane Izu and Nunes, {Marta C.} and Avy Violari and Cotton, {Mark F.} and {Van Niekerk}, Nadia and Adrian, {Peter V.} and Madhi, {Shabir A.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was funded through the Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases and the Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit. The parent study was funded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the US National Institutes for Health (NIH), through the Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS (CIPRA) network [Grant number U19 AI53217]. Additional support was provided with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergies & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200800014C. Funding Information: O E Simani, S A Madhi and M Nunes received grants from Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases and the Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit. M F. Cotton received grants from NIH, Gauteng and Western Cape Departments of Health & GSK/ViiV. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. Funding Information: This study was funded through the Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases and the Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit. The parent study was funded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the US National Institutes for Health (NIH), through the Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS (CIPRA) network [Grant number U19 AI53217]. Additional support was provided with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergies & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN272200800014C. Collaborators and Centers for study: South Africa: Avy Violari, James McIntyre, Wilma Pelser, Ravindre Panchia, Kennedy Otwombe, Afaaf Liberty, Nastassja Choolinal (Perinatal HIV Research Unit); Mark F Cotton, Helena Rabie, Anita Janse van Rensburg, Els Dobbels, George Fourie, Marietjie Bester, Wilma Orange, Ronelle Arendze, Catherine Andrea, Marlize Smuts, Kurt Smith, Theresa Louw, Alec Abrahams, Kenny Kelly, Amelia Bohle, Irene Mong, Jodie Howard, Tanya Cyster, Genevieve Solomon, Galroy Benjamin, Jennifer Mkhalipi, Edward Barnes (Children{\textquoteright}s Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Unit); Peter Adrian; Shabir A Madhi; Nadia van Niekerk (Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit). United States of America: Karen Reese, Patrick Jean-Philippe (HJF-DAIDS). United Kingdom: Diana M Gibb, Abdel Babiker (Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, {\textcopyright} 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.",
year = "2019",
month = jan,
day = "2",
doi = "10.1080/14760584.2019.1547195",
language = "English",
volume = "18",
pages = "95--104",
journal = "Expert Review of Vaccines",
issn = "1476-0584",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "1",
}