Engineering of rare-earth Eu³⁺ ions doping on p-type NiO for selective detection of toluene gas sensing and luminescence properties

Engineering & Materials Science

• Luminescence 100%
• Rare earths 83%
• Toluene 82%
• Doping (additives) 75%
• Photoluminescence 73%
• Ions 62%
• Vapors 60%
• Bias voltage 56%
• Benzene 54%
• Europium 40%
• Gases 38%
• Sensors 34%
• Xylene 30%
• Ethylene 23%
• X ray diffraction 22%
• Tuning 17%
• Fabrication 16%
• Temperature 9%

Physics & Astronomy

• toluene 73%
• rare earth elements 58%
• luminescence 51%
• engineering 50%
• vapors 38%
• gases 34%
• benzene 33%
• ions 31%
• sensors 31%
• photoluminescence 23%
• xylene 22%
• europium 20%
• electric potential 18%
• ethylene 16%
• selectivity 16%
• emission spectra 15%
• tuning 12%
• fabrication 10%
• sensitivity 9%
• diffraction 9%
• excitation 8%
• x rays 7%
• temperature 5%

Chemical Compounds

• Lanthanoid Atom 51%
• Toluene 50%
• Luminiscence Type 48%
• Gas 35%
• Photoluminescence 34%
• Voltage 32%
• Ion 26%
• Emission Peak 24%
• Xylene 23%
• Emission Spectrum 20%
• Doping Material 19%
• Hydrothermal Method 17%
• Benzene 15%
• X-Ray Diffraction 11%
• Amount 9%
• Time 8%