Flavonoids and other constituents from Jacaranda mimosifolia: In vitro analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulations of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities

The investigation of the methanol extract of the flowers of Jacaranda mimosifolia led to the isolation and characterisation of fourteen secondary metabolites (1–14) by the means of chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. These compounds include eight flavonoids sorted as two flavonols (1–2), three flavones (3, 7–8), and three isoflavones (4, 9–10), two glucoiridoids (5–6), and four triterpenoids sorted as one oleanane (11), one hopane (12), and two lupane (13–14). The in vitro antioxidant potential of all the isolated compounds was evaluated using the ABTS- and FRAP- methods, which demonstrated concentration-dependent activity. Chloroflavonin A (1) and 4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (2) demonstrated exceptional antioxidant activity, with scavenging rates of 98.63 % and 97.89 %, respectively, at a concentration of 300 μg/mL, and also showed strong ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Chloroflavonin A (1) demonstrated the most potent dual inhibitory effects on Cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) and NADPH-Oxidase-5 (NOX-5) enzymes, with binding affinities of −9.7 and −8.2 kcal/mol, respectively, indicating its potential as a strong anti-inflammatory compound. The molecular dynamics simulation, conducted with the Desmond v3.6, demonstrated the stability of the various complexes within the biological system. The findings indicate that compounds derived from Jacaranda mimosifolia may serve as potential therapeutic agents for the management of inflammation and oxidative stress.