Metal oxide heterostructure-based light-emitting diodes

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are mostly used in taillights/headlights of cars and roadside infrastructures such as street lightings, advertising displays, traffic signs, etc. In this chapter, various semiconducting metal oxides–based LEDs were reviewed. Several strategies that can be utilized to enhance the performance of LEDs were disclosed. Numerous synthesis methods can be employed to prepare nanostructured materials for LEDs application. Device manufacturing involves LED die fabrication, accompanied by LED packaging, and finally resulting in the LED luminaire fabrication. Selection of the substrate material is very vital before the fabrication of LED devices. Packaging technology is a crucial and mandatory feature for the real application of LED lighting, and the performance of packaging material has an exceptional influence on the exterior, brightness, and life span of LEDs. Luminescence dynamics of heterostructure metal oxides for LEDs applications were explained. The influence of transition metals, rare earths (REs), and noble metals on metal oxides heterostructures for LEDs applications was discussed. RE-based materials are normally connected to optical functionalities like LEDs for lighting or related to energy conversions such as upconversion, downconversion, or downshifting.