TY - JOUR
T1 - Method validation and antioxidant activities of Hyperacanthus amoenus and Carissa bispinosa
AU - Kgosana, Kedibone G.
AU - Matlala, Tirelo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024. The Authors.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Plant foliages used as feed additives pose a health risk due to high oxidant concentrations. Oxidants cause oxidative stress and high rate of morbidities and mortalities. Hence, the aim of the study was to validate the methods to quantify gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Q) as putative antioxidants, and to evaluate antioxidant activities in feed (F), Hyperacanthus amoenus (HA) and Carissa bispinosa (CB) extracts. Extraction was carried out with 62.5% methanol. Method validations for linearity, accuracy and precision were performed on high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative analysis of GA and Q and testing of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities in the extracts were performed. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.011 µg/mL and 0.032 µg/mL were determined in HA, respectively. The methods were accurate and precise as the relative standard deviations (%RSD) were less than 15%. The GA concentrations in CB and HA extracts were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and their values were 0.65 ± 0.03 x 106 µg/kg dry weight (DW) (0.13%) and 0.28 ± 0.06 x 106 µg/kg DW (0.002%), respectively. All extracts showed very strong radical scavenging activities with their IC50 values ranging between 5.87 µg/mL and 6.86 µg/mL. Contribution: These accurate, repeatable, precise and reliable methods can be used to provide a valuable basis for GAand Q analysis in various shrub foliages. Though high GAconcentrations have potential to act as antioxidants, they may have adverse health and growth performance effects when used as feed additives, while lower Q concentrations may have no effects on livestock.
AB - Plant foliages used as feed additives pose a health risk due to high oxidant concentrations. Oxidants cause oxidative stress and high rate of morbidities and mortalities. Hence, the aim of the study was to validate the methods to quantify gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Q) as putative antioxidants, and to evaluate antioxidant activities in feed (F), Hyperacanthus amoenus (HA) and Carissa bispinosa (CB) extracts. Extraction was carried out with 62.5% methanol. Method validations for linearity, accuracy and precision were performed on high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative analysis of GA and Q and testing of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities in the extracts were performed. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.011 µg/mL and 0.032 µg/mL were determined in HA, respectively. The methods were accurate and precise as the relative standard deviations (%RSD) were less than 15%. The GA concentrations in CB and HA extracts were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and their values were 0.65 ± 0.03 x 106 µg/kg dry weight (DW) (0.13%) and 0.28 ± 0.06 x 106 µg/kg DW (0.002%), respectively. All extracts showed very strong radical scavenging activities with their IC50 values ranging between 5.87 µg/mL and 6.86 µg/mL. Contribution: These accurate, repeatable, precise and reliable methods can be used to provide a valuable basis for GAand Q analysis in various shrub foliages. Though high GAconcentrations have potential to act as antioxidants, they may have adverse health and growth performance effects when used as feed additives, while lower Q concentrations may have no effects on livestock.
KW - antioxidants
KW - feed additive
KW - foliage
KW - free radical
KW - high performance liquid chromatography
KW - nutritional browse
KW - phenolic acid
KW - plant extracts
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85212919296&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4102/ojvr.v91i1.2182
DO - 10.4102/ojvr.v91i1.2182
M3 - Article
C2 - 39692340
AN - SCOPUS:85212919296
SN - 0030-2465
VL - 91
JO - Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
JF - Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
IS - 1
M1 - a2182
ER -