Ongoing initiatives in the Republic of Srpska to enhance prescribing efficiency: influence and future directions.

Multiple reforms have been introduced in the Republic of Srpska to enhance prescribing efficiency. First, assess their influence on utilization and expenditure on proton-pump inhibitors, statins and renin-angiotensin inhibitor drugs. Second, assess whether the Republic can obtain low prices for generics. Third, suggest additional reforms that could be introduced. Observational study of all ambulatory care patients between 2003 and 2010. Defined daily doses (DDDs) and DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day used for measuring changes in utilization. Reimbursed expenditure used as health insurance perspective. Increasing utilization in all three classes. Utilization of angiotensin-receptor blockers principally limited by prescribing restrictions. Reimbursed expenditure/DDD in all three classes decreased by up to 82% in 2010 versus 2004, appreciably improving prescribing efficiency for the statins. Increased utilization of esomeprazole at higher reimbursed expenditure/DDD, and similarly angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitor combinations at higher expenditure versus single drugs, limited the ability to fully capitalise on these reductions. Multiple measures helped lower expenditure/ DDD, providing hope to countries with small populations. Additional measures are planned to further improve prescribing efficiency in the Republic of Srpska.