Production of biofuel from marine biomass

The available supplies of fossil fuels are rapidly running out and cannot keep up with the growing demand. Inflationary oil prices, pollution, and global warming have propelled the search for energy from renewable sources. Green, brown, and red marine seaweed, or macroalgae, is becoming more and more well-liked as a feasible and prospective alternative fuel for the generation of biofuels. The process of turning biomass into commercially sustainably viable goods is known as biorefinery. Biorefinery results in a decrease in raw materials and an increase in innovative products using biotechnology. It is regarded as a green worldwide answer for a future that is sustainable. Fulfilling the energy needs of a growing population is always going to be difficult, especially without a viable, sustainable alternative to fossil fuels that has garnered significant research funding. This ecosystem comprises bacteria, algae, yeast, sponge-like organisms, and seaweed, and it has been proven by numerous studies globally to produce ethanol with an excellent yield. The chemical, mechanical, thermal energy, and microbiological techniques used in marine biorefinery systems can be applied singly or in combination to create economically viable biofuels (biogas, biodiesel, and bioethanol). In addition to these, a number of value-added and environmentally beneficial by-products can be retrieved, including enzymes, antioxidants, nutraceuticals, organic pigments, additives for food, raw materials, livestock, and other biological materials. Utilizing the maximum energy and vitality of marine biomass which has renewable qualities and can address the management of waste and greenhouse gas emissions is the main benefit of the marine biorefinery process. As a result, the purpose of this chapter is to examine the function that different marine biomass plays in the generation of fuel, which may represent a new ecological energy technology to meet the world's energy needs.