TY - JOUR
T1 - Reassessment of the TM 1517 odonto-postcranial assemblage from Kromdraai B, South Africa, and the maturational pattern of Paranthropus robustus
AU - Cazenave, Marine
AU - Dean, Christopher
AU - Zanolli, Clément
AU - Oettlé, Anna C.
AU - Hoffman, Jakobus
AU - Tawane, Mirriam
AU - Thackeray, Francis
AU - Macchiarelli, Roberto
N1 - Funding Information:
For access to fossil and comparative materials, we are grateful to the curatorial staff of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria and the R. A. Dart Collection of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. For the extant human comparative sample, ethical clearance was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics committee of the University of Pretoria (ref. no. 39/ 2016). We especially acknowledge N. Bacci (Johannesburg), B. Billing (Johannesburg), and L. Kgasi (Pretoria). We also thank L. Bam (Pelindaba) and F. de Beer (Pelindaba) for analyses at Necsa. For scientific collaboration and generous availability to run independent measures for interobserver error assessment, we thank A. Beaudet (Johannesburg) and A. Mazurier (Poitiers). For data and information sharing, we thank P. Bayle (Bordeaux), J. Braga (Toulouse), B. Lans (Pretoria and Toulouse), and the Department of Human Evolution of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig). For discussion, we thank E. L'Abbé (Pretoria), A. Beaudet, L. Bruxelles (Johannesburg and Toulouse), K. Carlson (Los Angeles and Johannesburg), F. E. Grine (Stony Brook), R. Hanon (Paris), D. Marchi (Pisa), E. Pouydebat (Paris), C. Theye (Pretoria), A. Val (Tübingen), B. Zipfel (Johannesburg). Finally, we are grateful to Trudy Turner, the Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive critique that considerably improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the DST‐NRF for financial support (grant # UID23456) to establish the MIXRAD microfocus X‐ray tomography facility at Necsa. M. C. was funded by the European Commission (EACEA), Erasmus Mundus programme, AESOP and AESOP + consortia (coord. by J. Braga), and by the Erasmus Mundus programme, Bakeng se Afrika and the NRF incentive grant associated with the NRF rated scientist A. C. Oettlé.
Funding Information:
Erasmus Mundus programme, Bakeng se Afrika; European Commission (EACEA); AESOP and AESOP + consortia; National Equipment Program (NEP) of the DST‐NRF, Grant/Award Number: # UID23456; NRF Incentive Grant (Associated with the NRF Rated Scientist A. C. Oettlé) Funding information
Funding Information:
For access to fossil and comparative materials, we are grateful to the curatorial staff of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria and the R. A. Dart Collection of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. For the extant human comparative sample, ethical clearance was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics committee of the University of Pretoria (ref. no. 39/ 2016). We especially acknowledge N. Bacci (Johannesburg), B. Billing (Johannesburg), and L. Kgasi (Pretoria). We also thank L. Bam (Pelindaba) and F. de Beer (Pelindaba) for analyses at Necsa. For scientific collaboration and generous availability to run independent measures for interobserver error assessment, we thank A. Beaudet (Johannesburg) and A. Mazurier (Poitiers). For data and information sharing, we thank P. Bayle (Bordeaux), J. Braga (Toulouse), B. Lans (Pretoria and Toulouse), and the Department of Human Evolution of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig). For discussion, we thank E. L'Abb? (Pretoria), A. Beaudet, L. Bruxelles (Johannesburg and Toulouse), K. Carlson (Los Angeles and Johannesburg), F. E. Grine (Stony Brook), R. Hanon (Paris), D. Marchi (Pisa), E. Pouydebat (Paris), C. Theye (Pretoria), A. Val (T?bingen), B. Zipfel (Johannesburg). Finally, we are grateful to Trudy Turner, the Associate Editor, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive critique that considerably improved this manuscript. We acknowledge the DST-NRF for financial support (grant # UID23456) to establish the MIXRAD microfocus X-ray tomography facility at Necsa. M. C. was funded by the European Commission (EACEA), Erasmus Mundus programme, AESOP and AESOP + consortia (coord. by J. Braga), and by the Erasmus Mundus programme, Bakeng se Afrika and the NRF incentive grant associated with the NRF rated scientist A. C. Oettl?.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Authors. American Journal of Physical Anthropology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PY - 2020/8/1
Y1 - 2020/8/1
N2 - Objectives: The Pleistocene taxon Paranthropus robustus was established in 1938 following the discovery at Kromdraai B, South Africa, of the partial cranium TM 1517a and associated mandible TM 1517b. Shortly thereafter, a distal humerus (TM 1517g), a proximal ulna (TM 1517e), and a distal hallucial phalanx (TM 1517k) were collected nearby at the site, and were considered to be associated with the holotype. TM 1517a-b represents an immature individual; however, no analysis of the potentially associated postcranial elements has investigated the presence of any endostructural remnant of recent epiphyseal closure. This study aims at tentatively detecting such traces in the three postcranial specimens from Kromdraai B. Materials and Methods: By using μXCT techniques, we assessed the developmental stage of the TM 1517b's C-M3 roots and investigated the inner structure of TM 1517g, TM 1517e, and TM 1517k. Results: The M2 shows incompletely closed root apices and the M3 a half-completed root formation stage. The distal humerus was likely completely fused, while the proximal ulna and the distal hallucial phalanx preserve endosteal traces of the diaphyseo-epiphyseal fusion process. Discussion: In the hominin fossil record, there are few unambiguously associated craniodental and postcranial remains sampling immature individuals, an essential condition for assessing the taxon-specific maturational patterns. Our findings corroborate the original association of the craniodental and postcranial remains representing the P. robustus type specimen. As with other Plio-Pleistocene hominins, the odonto-postcranial maturational pattern of TM 1517 more closely fits an African great ape rather than the extant human pattern.
AB - Objectives: The Pleistocene taxon Paranthropus robustus was established in 1938 following the discovery at Kromdraai B, South Africa, of the partial cranium TM 1517a and associated mandible TM 1517b. Shortly thereafter, a distal humerus (TM 1517g), a proximal ulna (TM 1517e), and a distal hallucial phalanx (TM 1517k) were collected nearby at the site, and were considered to be associated with the holotype. TM 1517a-b represents an immature individual; however, no analysis of the potentially associated postcranial elements has investigated the presence of any endostructural remnant of recent epiphyseal closure. This study aims at tentatively detecting such traces in the three postcranial specimens from Kromdraai B. Materials and Methods: By using μXCT techniques, we assessed the developmental stage of the TM 1517b's C-M3 roots and investigated the inner structure of TM 1517g, TM 1517e, and TM 1517k. Results: The M2 shows incompletely closed root apices and the M3 a half-completed root formation stage. The distal humerus was likely completely fused, while the proximal ulna and the distal hallucial phalanx preserve endosteal traces of the diaphyseo-epiphyseal fusion process. Discussion: In the hominin fossil record, there are few unambiguously associated craniodental and postcranial remains sampling immature individuals, an essential condition for assessing the taxon-specific maturational patterns. Our findings corroborate the original association of the craniodental and postcranial remains representing the P. robustus type specimen. As with other Plio-Pleistocene hominins, the odonto-postcranial maturational pattern of TM 1517 more closely fits an African great ape rather than the extant human pattern.
KW - P. robustus
KW - TM 1517
KW - X-ray microtomography
KW - odonto-postcranial maturation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085553754&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ajpa.24082
DO - 10.1002/ajpa.24082
M3 - Article
C2 - 32449177
AN - SCOPUS:85085553754
SN - 0002-9483
VL - 172
SP - 714
EP - 722
JO - American Journal of Physical Anthropology
JF - American Journal of Physical Anthropology
IS - 4
ER -