TY - JOUR
T1 - Relationship between amino acid ratios and decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in South Africa
AU - Mbhele, Thapelo
AU - Tanyanyiwa, Donald M.
AU - Moepya, Refilwe J.
AU - Bhana, Sindeep
AU - Makatini, Maya M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The work was supported by the National Research Foundation, under the Thuthuka Award (Gun 117975).
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital Chemical Pathology staff for the collection and transportation of samples, and the National Institute of Occupational Health staff for long-term storage, sorting, and transportation of samples. We also thank the Witwatersrand mass spectrometry team for granting access to the analytical instruments. This article is partially based on the second author’s thesis21 of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, with supervisor Prof. Collet Dandara, received September 2018, available here: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30132. The work was supported by the National Research Foundation, under the Thuthuka Award (Gun 117975).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021. The Authors. Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Diabetic kidney disease is a major complication resulting from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Currently, the microalbuminuria test is used to monitor renal function; however, it does not detect albumin until progressive loss of renal function has occurred. Objective: This study analysed the relationship between changes in amino acid ratios and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods: Urine samples were collected from participants between February 2019 to April 2019 and analysed from November 2020 to January 2021. Diabetic (glycated haemoglobin > 6.4%) and non-diabetic patients (glycated haemoglobin ≤ 6.4%) from Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa, were further categorised based on the degree of renal function predicted by the eGFRs. Amino acids were quantified using tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentrations and ratios of tyrosine/phenylalanine, ornithine/arginine, arginine/citrulline and citrulline/ornithine at different stages of the chronic kidney disease. Results: Among diabetic patients, the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio showed a statistically significant increase (p = 0.04) as the eGFR declined from stage 1 to stage 4; the ornithine/ arginine ratio showed a strong negative correlation with eGFR. The citrulline/ornithine ratio differed between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients in stage 1 of chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Amino acid ratios (ornithine/arginine and tyrosine/phenylalanine) are affected by the progression of diabetes and can be correlated to renal function. The citrulline/ornithine ratios differ between the studied groups in stage 1 of the disease and may be utilised to predict the onset of chronic kidney disease.
AB - Background: Diabetic kidney disease is a major complication resulting from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Currently, the microalbuminuria test is used to monitor renal function; however, it does not detect albumin until progressive loss of renal function has occurred. Objective: This study analysed the relationship between changes in amino acid ratios and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods: Urine samples were collected from participants between February 2019 to April 2019 and analysed from November 2020 to January 2021. Diabetic (glycated haemoglobin > 6.4%) and non-diabetic patients (glycated haemoglobin ≤ 6.4%) from Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa, were further categorised based on the degree of renal function predicted by the eGFRs. Amino acids were quantified using tandem mass spectrometry to determine the concentrations and ratios of tyrosine/phenylalanine, ornithine/arginine, arginine/citrulline and citrulline/ornithine at different stages of the chronic kidney disease. Results: Among diabetic patients, the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio showed a statistically significant increase (p = 0.04) as the eGFR declined from stage 1 to stage 4; the ornithine/ arginine ratio showed a strong negative correlation with eGFR. The citrulline/ornithine ratio differed between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients in stage 1 of chronic kidney disease. Conclusion: Amino acid ratios (ornithine/arginine and tyrosine/phenylalanine) are affected by the progression of diabetes and can be correlated to renal function. The citrulline/ornithine ratios differ between the studied groups in stage 1 of the disease and may be utilised to predict the onset of chronic kidney disease.
KW - Albuminuria
KW - Amino acids
KW - Chronic kidney disease
KW - Diabetic nephropathy
KW - Glomerular filtration rate
KW - LC-MS/MS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122142315&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1398
DO - 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1398
M3 - Article
C2 - 34956850
AN - SCOPUS:85122142315
SN - 2225-2002
VL - 10
JO - African Journal of Laboratory Medicine
JF - African Journal of Laboratory Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - a1398
ER -