TY - JOUR
T1 - Strategies to improve antimicrobial utilization with a special focus on developing countries
AU - Godman, Brian
AU - Egwuenu, Abiodun
AU - Haque, Mainul
AU - Malande, Oliver Ombeva
AU - Schellack, Natalie
AU - Kumar, Santosh
AU - Saleem, Zikria
AU - Sneddon, Jacqueline
AU - Hoxha, Iris
AU - Islam, Salequl
AU - Mwita, Julius
AU - Do Nascimento, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo
AU - Godói, Isabella Piassi Dias
AU - Niba, Loveline Lum
AU - Amu, Adefolarin A.
AU - Acolatse, Joseph
AU - Incoom, Robert
AU - Sefah, Israel Abebrese
AU - Opanga, Sylvia
AU - Kurdi, Amanj
AU - Chikowe, Ibrahim
AU - Khuluza, Felix
AU - Kibuule, Dan
AU - Ogunleye, Olayinka O.
AU - Olalekan, Adesola
AU - Markovic-Pekovic, Vanda
AU - Meyer, Johanna C.
AU - Alfadl, Abubakr
AU - Phuong, Thuy Nguyen Thi
AU - Kalungia, Aubrey C.
AU - Campbell, Stephen
AU - Pisana, Alice
AU - Wale, Janney
AU - Seaton, R. Andrew
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a high priority across countries as it increases morbidity, mortality and costs. Concerns with AMR have resulted in multiple initiatives internationally, na-tionally and regionally to enhance appropriate antibiotic utilization across sectors to reduce AMR, with the overuse of antibiotics exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Effectively tackling AMR is crucial for all countries. Principally a narrative review of ongoing activities across sectors was undertaken to improve antimicrobial use and address issues with vaccines including COVID-19. Point prevalence surveys have been successful in hospitals to identify areas for quality improvement programs, principally centering on antimicrobial stewardship programs. These include reducing prolonged antibiotic use to prevent surgical site infections. Multiple activities centering on education have been successful in reducing inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of antimicrobials in ambulatory care for essentially viral infections such as acute respiratory infections. It is imperative to develop new quality indicators for ambulatory care given current concerns, and instigate programs with clear public health messaging to reduce misinformation, essential for pandemics. Regular access to effective treatments is needed to reduce resistance to treatments for HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Key stakeholder groups can instigate multiple initiatives to reduce AMR. These need to be followed up.
AB - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a high priority across countries as it increases morbidity, mortality and costs. Concerns with AMR have resulted in multiple initiatives internationally, na-tionally and regionally to enhance appropriate antibiotic utilization across sectors to reduce AMR, with the overuse of antibiotics exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Effectively tackling AMR is crucial for all countries. Principally a narrative review of ongoing activities across sectors was undertaken to improve antimicrobial use and address issues with vaccines including COVID-19. Point prevalence surveys have been successful in hospitals to identify areas for quality improvement programs, principally centering on antimicrobial stewardship programs. These include reducing prolonged antibiotic use to prevent surgical site infections. Multiple activities centering on education have been successful in reducing inappropriate prescribing and dispensing of antimicrobials in ambulatory care for essentially viral infections such as acute respiratory infections. It is imperative to develop new quality indicators for ambulatory care given current concerns, and instigate programs with clear public health messaging to reduce misinformation, essential for pandemics. Regular access to effective treatments is needed to reduce resistance to treatments for HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Key stakeholder groups can instigate multiple initiatives to reduce AMR. These need to be followed up.
KW - Antimicrobial resistance
KW - Antimicrobial stewardship programs
KW - Antimicrobials
KW - COVID-19
KW - Healthcare-associated infections
KW - Lower-and middle-income countries
KW - Misinformation
KW - Patient initiatives
KW - Surgical site infections
KW - Vaccines
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108156423&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/life11060528
DO - 10.3390/life11060528
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34200116
AN - SCOPUS:85108156423
SN - 2075-1729
VL - 11
JO - Life
JF - Life
IS - 6
M1 - 528
ER -